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Battle of Goodenough Island
The Battle of Goodenough Island (22–27 October 1942), also known as Operation Drake, was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. The Allies attacked the ''Kaigun Rikusentai'' (Special Naval Landing Force) stranded on Goodenough Island, Papua, during the Battle of Milne Bay to deny the Japanese the ability to use the island prior to the Buna campaign. "Drake Force", consisting of the Australian 2/12th Battalion and attachments, landed on the southern tip of Goodenough Island at Mud Bay and Taleba Bay on 22 October, and following a short but heavy fight, the Japanese forces withdrew to Fergusson Island on 27 October. After the battle, Goodenough Island was developed by the Allies and became a major base which they used for further operations later in the war.
==Background==
Goodenough Island is the northernmost of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, to the north-east of Papua separated by the wide Ward Hunt Strait. The island is located by sea from Milne Bay and from Port Moresby. It lies along the sea route between Buna and Milne Bay and was therefore strategically important during late 1942. The island is roughly oval shaped, measuring long and across. The coastal belt is up to in width, covered in grasslands and dissected by streams and coastal swamps. The island rises sharply to the central summit of Mount Vineuo, above sea level.
While the western side of the island was covered in rain forest and jungle, there were grassy plains on the north-eastern side covered in kunai and kangaroo grass. These were suitable sites for airfield development, but the best anchorages were at Mud Bay on the south eastern side, Taleba Bay on the south western, and Beli Beli Bay on the eastern side. Other sites could only accommodate shallow draught vessels drawing or less, were obstructed by coral reefs, or were exposed to the weather thus making them unsuitable for development. The island had no roads, and there was no motor or animal transport. Neither the interior of the island nor the surrounding waters were adequately charted in 1942. Important features were often missing from maps, and some features had different spellings.
Aircraft and ships headed from Milne Bay to Buna and vice versa had to pass close by Goodenough Island, so an Allied presence on the island could provide warning of Japanese operations while denying the Japanese the opportunity to observe Allied ships and aircraft. Goodenough Island also had flat areas suitable for the construction of emergency airstrips.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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